◆ 卢曼卡片盒笔记管理系统是一种思考辅助系统

◆ 它的名字取自德国社会学家尼古拉斯·卢曼

◆ 卢曼在其个人的长期学术科研生涯中不断实践和发展了它

◆ 可以从两个角度观察它，一是技术工具角度，二是信息加工工作流角度

◆ 从技术工具角度看，它作为大脑之外的信息管理媒介，主要发挥记录、收纳、组织、归档等功能。随着信息技术的不断发展，它的物理卡片盒实现方式到今天已经不再重要，可以用功能强大的数字化软件工具来实现

◆ 从信息加工工作流角度看，它的操作流程在今天依然重要，因为它提供了一种自下而上、渐近迭代式的信息组织方案，适合复杂度高且要求创造性思考的课题场景，具体特征：目标与衡量标准无法预先确定，可供探索的方向和细节非常多，需要在学习的过程中逐渐明确，如学术研究、探索发现、科学理论/解释模型构想、个人自主学习等等

卢曼卡片盒笔记管理的主要信息加工流程如下：

❶ 使用者在个人的兴趣研究领域中提出一个课题，并将它设置为卡片盒的入口笔记。例如：如何用编程方式模拟生命体的自组织行为？

❷ 边阅读参考文献，边整理文献笔记：其正面是文献的源地址与访问方法，反面是阅读过程中产生的心得。每项心得占据一行，尽可能只关注一个要点，简要说明从文献中得到了什么启发，不要仅仅照抄原文，并注明这项心得是由文献中的哪个片段引发的

❸ 日常随想类信息，可以先记录为闪念笔记：它类似于便签纸，便利贴，主要目的是快速收集可能对达成研究目标有促进作用的想法（这类笔记不放在卡片盒中，可以理解为某种临时的“缓存”）

❹ 找一段可以深度思考的时间，对上述笔记做二次加工，形成永久笔记：这类笔记要长久地存放在卡片盒中，在长达数年的时间内随时回顾，所以得名永久笔记。

永久笔记通过“有方向的链接关系”与入口笔记直接或间接相连，每当创建新的永久笔记时，都应充分考虑这条新笔记与卡片盒中已有的笔记是什么关系。很多时候，恰恰是因为在处理闪念笔记或文献笔记的过程中，确认其中的想法与卡片盒中已有笔记存在重要关联，才会想到增加新的永久笔记。这也侧面说明，卡片盒并不能完全脱离使用者的大脑发挥作用，使用者的大脑扮演了“连接者”的角色，在卡片盒与外界信息集合之间实施对照/类比/联想等操作。

❺ 根据卢曼笔记法研究者 /《How to Take Smart Notes》作者 Sönke Ahrens 的介绍，当永久笔记积累到相当规模（Critical Mass）之后，卡片盒的使用者将会获得超越常规信息管理系统的体验：与卡片盒中的思想体系做对话，如同发现了一位“被动思考”但拥有长期无限记忆容量的学术研究伙伴

❻ 专门介绍卢曼笔记法的书《How to Take Smart Notes》中还曾提到，卡片盒的可用性并不局限于作者本人。当卢曼去世后，他的同事借助卡片盒中的内容，在相关领域内继续以卢曼本人的名义发表了一些新的论文。

以上就是对卢曼卡片盒笔记管理系统的基础要素和工作原理的粗略介绍，仅供参考。

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English Translation

Introduction to the Working Logics of Luhmann Zettelkasten Note-taking System

◆ The Luhmann Zettelkasten Note Management System is a thinking-facilitating system.

◆ It takes its name from the German sociologist Nicholas Luhmann.

◆ Luhmann practiced and developed it throughout his personal academic and research career.

◆ It can be viewed from two perspectives: one from the perspective of a technical tool and the other from the perspective of an information processing workflow.

◆ From the perspective of technical tools, it serves as an information management medium outside the brain, primarily playing the functions of recording, storing, organizing and archiving. With the continuous development of information technology, it is no longer important to realize the way of physical card box today, and can be realized with powerful digital software tools.

◆ From the perspective of information processing workflow, its operation process is still important today, because it provides a bottom-up, gradual iterative information organization scheme, suitable for subject scenarios with high complexity and requiring creative thinking, specifically: the goal and measurements can't be pre-determined, and there are very many directions and details available for exploration, which need to be gradually clarified in the process of learning. For example, academic research, exploratory discovery, Scientific Theory or Explanatory model conceptualization, self-directed lifelong learning, etc.

The main information processing flow of Luhmann Zettelkasten note management is as follows:

❶ The user proposes a topic in her/his personal research area of interest and sets it as the entry note of the card box. For example: "How to programmatically simulate the self-organizing behavior of living organisms?"

❷ Organize the Literature Notes as you read the references: on the front side are the source addresses and access methods of the literature, and on the back side are the takeaways from the reading process. Each insight takes up one line, focuses on one point if possible, briefly explains what was learned from the literature. Do not just copy the original text, but try to indicate which part of the literature triggered the insight.

❸ Daily spontaneous ideas can be recorded as Fleeting Notes: these are similar to post-it notes or sticky notes, and are intended to be a quick collection of ideas that may contribute to the research objectives (they are not kept in Zettelkasten card boxes, but can be thought of as a sort of temporary "cache").

Finding a period of time for deeper thinking, and processing the above notes to produce Permanent Notes: these notes are stored in Zettelkasten card boxes for a long time, and can be reviewed at any time over a period of several years, hence the name Permanent Notes.

❹ Permanent Notes are directly or indirectly connected to entry notes through "directional linking relationships", and whenever a new permanent note is created, due consideration should be given to how this new note relates to the notes already in the Zettelkasten note boxes. Often, the idea of adding a new permanent note comes about precisely because when working with a Fleeting Note or a Literature Note the user confirms that the idea has an important connection to a note already in the boxes. This also suggests that the Zettelkasten method could not function independently of the user's brain, which acts as a "connector" between the boxes and the external collection of information, performing comparisons/analogies/associations.

❺ According to Sönke Ahrens, a researcher of Luhmann Zettelkasten method and author of "How to Take Smart Notes", when the Permanent Notes have accumulated to a critical mass, the user of the Zettelkasten boxes will have an experience that goes beyond a conventional information management system: a dialog with the system of ideas in the Zettelkasten boxes. It's like discovering a "passive thinking" academic research partner with unlimited long-term memory capacity!

❻ As mentioned in "How to Take Smart Notes", the book dedicated to introducing Luhmann Zettelkasten note-taking method, the usability of the Zettelkasten boxes is not restricted to the author himself. When Luhmann died, his colleagues drew on the contents of his Zettelkasten boxes to continue publishing new papers in related fields under Luhmann's own name.

This is a rough introduction to the basic elements and workings of Luhmann Zettelkasten note management system, for your reference.